Saw palmetto, an extract from the berries of the Serenoa repens tree, is believed to help with male pattern baldness, also known as androgenetic alopecia, by targeting the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The primary theory behind its effectiveness is that it acts as a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, similar to some prescription medications for hair loss. 5-alpha reductase is an enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into DHT, the hormone that causes hair follicles to shrink and eventually stop producing hair in genetically susceptible men. By inhibiting this enzyme, saw palmetto may help reduce the amount of DHT that reaches the hair follicles, slowing or stabilizing hair loss.
While more extensive, large-scale studies are needed, a number of smaller studies and reviews have shown promising results for saw palmetto in treating hair loss. Some research indicates that both topical and oral formulations of saw palmetto can improve overall hair quality and density. For example, one review of multiple studies found that a significant number of participants experienced an increase in hair density, improved hair count, and a stabilization of their hair loss. A key benefit is that saw palmetto is generally well-tolerated with a low risk of serious side effects, making it an appealing option for those seeking a natural alternative to pharmaceutical treatments.
However, it is important to note that saw palmetto is not a permanent solution for hair loss and its effects may be less potent than proven medications like finasteride. The efficacy can also vary depending on the product's formulation, as the active ingredients are not water-soluble and are most effective in oily extracts, not teas. It's often used as a complementary remedy and may be most beneficial for those with mild to moderate hair loss. As with any supplement, it's best to consult with a doctor before starting to use it to ensure it is appropriate for you.